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Possibilities of waste glycerol reprocessing
Hýža, Bohumil ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the possibilities of waste glycerol reprocessing. The thesis is purely theoretical and the information were obtained from various literary sources. Introduction of the study deals with the technological aspects of production of biodiesel by esterification of vegetable oils with methanol. Futhermore, there is described the amount of biodiesel produced in various countries around the world. In the theoretical part of the study are mentioned physical and chemical properties of glycerol and its traditional uses include the manufacture of nitroglycerin, the pharmaceutical use, etc. There are presented different technological methods for processing large quantities of glycerol too, such as steam reforming, which generates syngas which can be used for production of liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. There is also desribed reduction of glycerol to propylene glycol with hydrogen. Other methods are dehydroxylation of glycerol to 1,3 - propanediol, halogenation of glycerol to produce epichlorohydrin, the catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and 3-hydroxy-propionic aldehyde, oxydehydration to polyacrylic acid, glycerol butylation over the Amberlyst catalyst and the formation of glycerol-tert-butyl ethers used as additives for fuels , polymerization of glycerol to polyglycerols, glycerol hydrothermal conversion to lactic acid catalyzed by alkali, esterification of carboxylic acids and glycerol to form glycerol esters, selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid, tartronic acid and dihydroxyacetone, and glycerol as an additive for cement.
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Utilization of carbon dioxide in power engineering
Svoboda, Kryštof ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of carbon dioxide as a source of energy in the form of carbonaceous fuels. The first part describes the possibilities of carbon dioxide capture and its subsequent storage. The second part is dedicated to the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonaceous fuels. In the third and final part of the thesis, these fuels are then evaluated for their utilization and compared with commonly used fuels.
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Atmosferic gasification of biomass by the addition of oxygen and steam
Vypušťáková, Veronika ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The topic of master´s thesis is atmosferic gasification of biomass by the addition of oxygen and steam. The theoretical part is devoted to the description of biomass, process of gasification, kinds of gasification reactor and product gas. Further experiments are devised depending on the gasification medium and output temperature. In this case, the key aspect is the steam addition control. In the practical part, these experiments are performed in a fluidized bed reactor. Resulting values from samples of gas and tar are subsequently processed and evaluated.
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Utilization of carbon dioxide in power engineering
Svoboda, Kryštof ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of carbon dioxide as a source of energy in the form of carbonaceous fuels. The first part describes the possibilities of carbon dioxide capture and its subsequent storage. The second part is dedicated to the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonaceous fuels. In the third and final part of the thesis, these fuels are then evaluated for their utilization and compared with commonly used fuels.
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Atmosferic gasification of biomass by the addition of oxygen and steam
Vypušťáková, Veronika ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The topic of master´s thesis is atmosferic gasification of biomass by the addition of oxygen and steam. The theoretical part is devoted to the description of biomass, process of gasification, kinds of gasification reactor and product gas. Further experiments are devised depending on the gasification medium and output temperature. In this case, the key aspect is the steam addition control. In the practical part, these experiments are performed in a fluidized bed reactor. Resulting values from samples of gas and tar are subsequently processed and evaluated.
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Possibilities of waste glycerol reprocessing
Hýža, Bohumil ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the possibilities of waste glycerol reprocessing. The thesis is purely theoretical and the information were obtained from various literary sources. Introduction of the study deals with the technological aspects of production of biodiesel by esterification of vegetable oils with methanol. Futhermore, there is described the amount of biodiesel produced in various countries around the world. In the theoretical part of the study are mentioned physical and chemical properties of glycerol and its traditional uses include the manufacture of nitroglycerin, the pharmaceutical use, etc. There are presented different technological methods for processing large quantities of glycerol too, such as steam reforming, which generates syngas which can be used for production of liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. There is also desribed reduction of glycerol to propylene glycol with hydrogen. Other methods are dehydroxylation of glycerol to 1,3 - propanediol, halogenation of glycerol to produce epichlorohydrin, the catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and 3-hydroxy-propionic aldehyde, oxydehydration to polyacrylic acid, glycerol butylation over the Amberlyst catalyst and the formation of glycerol-tert-butyl ethers used as additives for fuels , polymerization of glycerol to polyglycerols, glycerol hydrothermal conversion to lactic acid catalyzed by alkali, esterification of carboxylic acids and glycerol to form glycerol esters, selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid, tartronic acid and dihydroxyacetone, and glycerol as an additive for cement.
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Thermal plasma gasification of organic waste and biomass
Hrabovský, Milan
The paper presents description of thermal plasma gasification processes. Analysis of energy balances of plasma gasification is presented, kinetics of the gasification process is discussed and relations between particle size, reaction temperature and gasification rate are analyzed. Examples of results of gasification of biomass and pyrolysis oil from used tires are given. Syngas with high heating value, high hydrogen content and low tar contamination is produced by plasma gasification.
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